Introduction 2001 1996 2000 1998 1999 1999 2000 Arabidopsis thaliana MUR2 MUR3 2004 2003 2001 2002 A. thaliana 2003 2004 2000 2003 2001 2004 2002 1998 2000 2003 2001 2006 http://www.afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/CAZY/ 2004 A. thaliana 2001 2005 Piromyces equi 2001 2004 2006 in planta 2002 2001 2001 2004 2004 b b Cellulomonas fimi b 2001 b b Materials and methods Preparation of constructs b b Escherichia coli 2001 2001 Bam ggatcc cccggg tta Bam 2000 ggatcc cccggg tta Bam Bam b Sma Eco cccggg gaattc tca Sma Eco 2000 agctt ctaga Hin Xba Hin Xba Xba Bam ctagaa gatcc Xba Bam b Nicotiana tabacum −1 N N −1 N N N N −1 4 −1 b 2004 Tobacco transformation and regeneration N. tabacum Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2000 A. tumefaciens −1 −1 A. tumefaciens Agrobacterium −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 RNA gel blot analysis of transgenic plants 1995 −1 b Protein extraction −1 −1 −1 v v −1 1998 g 6 −1 6 6 −1 −1 6 −1 Western blot analysis −1 −1 w v v v w v −1 −1 w v −1 −1 v v v v w v Monitoring the growth of the transformed plants b α Light microscopy −1 1990 Cryo-scanning electron microscopy and quantification of cell size and cell wall diameter b −4 http://www.rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/ 7 7 7 Isolation of cell wall material and analysis of the cellulose content b −1 −1 1969 Results b 1 b Arabidopsis thaliana 2006 A. thaliana solanaceous Fig. 1 b upper panel a b b c  Line 14 a line 5 b c Lines 9, 11 and 1 Line 17 a line 6 b line 14 c lower panel  6 2005 6 6 b b 2 b 2 2 2 2004 2002 2001 b Fig. 2 b a b c b ct xy ph Arrow head Arrow Scale bar  Reduced stem elongation and prolonged juvenility are observed for CBM29-1-2 transformants P 1 3 Table 1 Plant height (cm) of transgenic lines CBM 29-1-2, CBM 29-2, empty pGreen7k control, and wild-type control Plant line Weeks after transplant 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CBM29-1-2 9.5 ± 1.3 16.1 ± 2.2 27.0 ± 3.8 37.7 ± 5.5 a a 56.6 + 6.7 CBM29-2 9.3 ± 1.3 16.9 ± 1.9 27.5 ± 3.2 40.9 ± 5.0 50.7 ± 4.1 57.8 ± 4.1 63.8 + 4.7 PGreen7k 9.5 ± 1.6 17.3 ± 2.3 30.1 ± 3.8 44.6 ± 5.2 57.6 ± 7.1 63.1 ± 5.8 65.4 + 5.6 WT Ctrl 9.7 ± 1.3 17.1 ± 2.3 31.5 ± 3.7 50.6 ± 7.3 63.6 ± 7.1 68.4 ± 5.5 68.8 + 5.6 The values are means and standard deviations for six transgenic lines (high expressers) and six control plants. Each line has three individual plants (three replicates) a Fig. 3 Reduced stem elongation in time, and delayed development of CBM 29-1-2 transgenic tobacco plants. The picture was taken at week eight  3 3 3 b b Cellular alterations are observed in transgenic plants 4 5 4 b 5 4 5 5 5 5 b 5 5 Fig. 4 a b c b d The boxed area 5 ep ct xy ph  Fig. 5 a d b e b c f a a d b c Asterisks b ep ct xy pf  Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) of tobacco stems 6 6 6 6 6 6 b 7 2 2 7 7 Fig. 6 a c b d a b c d pf xy ct Arrow heads  Fig. 7 a b c Insets Error bars Grey bars Diagonal bars Open bars Horizontal brick bars  b b Analysis of cellulose content b b Discussion Piromyces b C. fimi 1990 1990 1999 b b b b b 2 b b 2006 2004 1999 2000 2003 1997 b