Introduction Acidaminococcus fermentans 1 syn R E K 2 4 A. fermentans hgdC Escherichia coli 2 +/2+ 5 6 7 A. fermentans 8 +/2+ E 0 E 0 7 2 5 + 2 5 7 9 K 10 Clostridium difficile 11 12 Fusobacterium nucleatum 13 C. propionicum C. sporogens 14 15 C. difficile 12 E. coli yjiL A. fermentans Thauera aromatica 16 8 17 Azotobacter vinelandii 18 26 0 27 28 E m 29 E m 26 30 0 0 18 S 18 19 31 32 33 34 A. fermentans 0 A. vinelandii Materials and methods 57 E. coli 2 2 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ H_{{\text{e}}} = D{\left[ {S^{2}_{{{\text{t,}}z}} - S_{{\text{t}}} {\left( {S_{{\text{t}}} + 1} \right)}/3 + {\left( {E/D} \right)}{\left( {S^{2}_{{{\text{t,}}x}} - S^{2}_{{{\text{t,}}y}} } \right)}} \right]} + \mu _{\rm B} {\varvec{B}}\,g\,{\varvec{S}}_{{\text{t}}} $$\end{document} S t D E D S 35 σ ν g 36 fwhm 57 S t 1 57 37 A. fermentans E. coli hgdC N 2 g d Results Preparation and characterization of superreduced activator 1 0 A. vinelandii  18 Fig. 1 UV–vis absorption spectrum of activator reduced with dithionite, and superreduced with titanium(III) citrate  5 38 EPR spectroscopy 1 + S 5 2 g g g D gμ B B 39 S D −1 E D σ E D g 5 + S g + S 2 Fig. 2 B 1 B 0 S t green line D −1 E D g 2 σ ν inset + 5 arrows main panel inset 0 S t  g S 2 + g g g B 1 B 0 g 3 m B 1 B 0 m B 1 B 0 40 41 g g 0 S Fe S t S t 0 S t 33 34 0 S t A. vinelandii 18 31 Fig. 3 B 1 B 0 green lines S t D −1 E D g 2 σ ν  fwhm 2 41 m s S t 2 3 D −1 E D g 2 3 g g 4 m s m s D E D m s z g m s B 0 z m s m s B 0 z 4 derivative g m s m s g 4 m s y g m s Fig. 4 A S t D −1 E D g B 0 z m s quotation marks vertical bold bars ν B D m s m s red blue m s asterisk B B 0 z x C y x D y z  g g m s m s g m s g D E D 3 D E D 2 3 21 24 S t 18 31 g g g g 4 D −1 E D 31 −1 42 S t 31 Mössbauer spectroscopy 57 5 + δ E Q δ E Q 5 Fig. 5 I IIa IIb + 0 δ E Q δ E Q E Q  0 5 0 E Q E Q 18 31 3 δ E Q E Q 4 δ 32 43 δ 44 δ fwhm fwhm 0 + + 0 E 0 1/2 45 E 0 E 0 III IV \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ {\text{Ti}}^{{3 + }} + {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}} \rightleftarrows {\text{TiO}}^{{2 + }} + 2{\text{H}}^{ + } + {\rm e}^{ - } . $$\end{document} E 0 6 + S 5 S 4 5 Fig. 6 B blue lines + S 5 3 thick green lines shaded areas IIa IIb 0 1 thin green line  0 + S 6 S t 1 57 D −1 E D 1 A η α β γ Table 1 0 S t  Subspectrum IIa (three sites, 75% intensity) Subspectrum IIb (one site, 25% intensity) δ 0.71 (3) 0.71 (6) E Q +1.80 (5) +2.6 (1) η 0.8 (4) 0.7 (4) α a a β 54 (10) 125 (40) A x g N β N −10.2 (1) +5.0 (5) A y g N β N −6.4 (1) +8.0 (5) A z g N β N −7.23 (2) +7.8 (1) A 0 g N β N b −7.95 (7) +6.6 (4) D −1 E D α β γ  parentheses a α γ b A A A A 0  B A 0 S Fe S t 0 A 0 outward 6 0 A 0 0 31 A S t S Fe,i 31 A 0 a 0 A 0 g N β N a 0 g N β N 32 43 0 A 0 31 A 0 g N β N 31 K i A 0 i K i a o i K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 a 0 a 0 g N β N A 0 g N β N A 0 g N β N 0 A. vinelandii Discussion n +/2+ 2+/3+ 46 47 n Chromatium vinosum 48 26 + A. vinelandii 0 29 S 18 31 0 30 0 0 49 50 2+/+ +/0 0 51 0 S t D −1 E D D −1 E D 31 A 8 52 8 + S 5 2 + S S 53 + 0 +/0 + 0 +/2+ +/0 17 8 54 4 − 2+ + 26 + 26 0 30 Electronic supplementary material Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Comparison of the fit model for the zero-field Mössbauer spectra of Ti(III) citrate-treated activator
with one and two Lorentzian doublets for the all-ferrous cluster. (PDF 374 kb)