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$$ (\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} ) $$\end{document} 2 1996 1995 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} 1982 1990 2 1994 1995 2 1999 2003 2000 2000 2 2 2001 2 2 1998 1994 2 Methods Subjects n n 1 1 1 Table 1 N Variables Mean ± SD Range Age (years) 62 ± 8 43–78 Height (cm) 172 ± 8 155–184 Weight (kg) 85 ± 10 54–97 2 29 ± 4 22–37 a 30 ± 7 20–43 Time since diagnosis (months) 20 ± 24 6–96 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) 33 ± 7 19–40 a 1995 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} The research protocol was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee of the Máxima Medical Centre, and all patients provided written informed consent. Exercise testing Subjects performed a symptom-limited, incremental exercise test, and on a separate day (at least 3 days later), a constant-load test at 50% of the maximum workload achieved at the first test. This test was repeated at the same time on another day within 2 weeks (mean difference between tests 6.7 ± 3.9 days). All subjects took their medication at the usual time and were instructed not to perform any extra physical activity on testing days. During the testing period all patients were on sinus rhythm. Furthermore, none of the patients reported changes in symptoms, functional status or medication use. Therefore, they could be considered to be in a stable physical condition during the study period. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} 1984 1986 Data analysis Mono-exponential model \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} 1972 1999 2002 1995 1999 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ {\text{Onset kinetics}}\,\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} ({{t}}) = \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\,{\text{baseline}}}} + A(1 - {\text{e}}^{{ - ({{t}} - {{T_{\rm d}}})/\tau }} ) $$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ {\text{Recovery kinetics}}\,\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} ({{t}}) = \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\,{\text{steady state}}}} - B(1 - {\text{e}}^{{ - ({{t}} - {{T_{\rm d}}})/\tau }} ) $$\end{document} A \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2}\,\text{amplitude during exercise}$$\end{document} B \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} 1987 Algebraic method 2 1994 MRT \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\,{\text{steady state}}}} - \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\,{\text{baseline}}}} $$\end{document} 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2}. $$\end{document} Statistical analysis R 2 R 2 1996 t 1986 Results Symptom-limited exercise tests \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} Table 2 2 n Kinetic parameters Mean ± SD (s) R 2 a 2  MRT 71 ± 19 – –  τ-5 s 67 ± 20 0.69 ± 0.15 26  τ-10 s 74 ± 22  0.81 ± 0.12 42  τ-5b 75 ± 30 0.87 ± 0.08 79  τ-8b 74 ± 22 0.91 ± 0.07 84 2  τ-5 s 60 ± 13 0.89 ± 0.06 84  τ-10 s 66 ± 14 0.94 ± 0.04 100  τ-5b 61 ± 13 0.96 ± 0.03 100  τ-8b 64 ± 13 0.98 ± 0.02 100 Average duration of 5 breath sampling interval 15.9 ± 3.6 s at baseline, 13.0 ± 3.0 s at steady-state. Average duration of 8 breath sampling interval 25.0 ± 5.2 s at baseline, 20.9 ± 4.7 s at steady state MRT 5s 10 s 5b 8b a R 2 Table 3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} 95% Confidence interval 2 MRT −0.33 −0.68 0.15 τ−5 s –   τ-10 s −0.88* −0.99 −0.24 τ-5b −0.67* −0.90 −0.16 τ-8b −0.57 * −0.83 −0.10 2 τ-5 s −0.43 −0.76 0.08 τ-10 s −0.45 −0.75 0.01 τ-5b −0.47* −0.76 −0.02 τ-8b −0.39 −0.72 0.08 R 2 P MRT 5s 10s 5b 8b Reproducibility \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document} −1 4 Table 4 Comparison of kinetic parameters in two consecutive constant-load tests Kinetic parameter N Difference mean ± SD Limits of agreement Coefficient of variation (%) Intraclass correlation coefficient 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{ss}}}} $$\end{document}   −1  −1 19 0.1 ± 1.2 −2.3 2.5 8.5 0.97  MRT (s) 19 2.8 ± 12.9 −23 29 18.4 0.86 τ−5 s (s) 0 – – – – τ-10 s (s) 6 9.3 ± 11.8 −14 33 17.1 0.79 τ-5b (s) 12 5.9 ± 19.8 −34 46 28.4 0.63 τ-8b (s) 16 5.6 ± 16.7 −28 39 23.0 0.77 2 τ-5 s (s) 16 −0.4 ± 7.2 −15 14 12.2 0.91 τ-10 s (s) 19 −0.9 ± 10.7 −22 21 16.3 0.86 τ-5 b (s) 19 −0.9 ± 6.4 −14 12 10.4 0.94 τ-8 b (s) 19 −1.4 ± 8.6 −19 16 13.4 0.91 R 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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$$ \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2} $$\end{document}  Discussion 2 2 2 1998 1995 1999 1994 2 2002 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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