Introduction 2004 2001 1998 1999 2001 2005a 2002 2002 2002 2005a 2001 1997 2001 2005a 1997 2 2 2 Material and methods Subjects 1 Table 1 Subjects’ characteristics Subject Age (years) Height (m) Weight (kg) 1 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left({{W}_{\hbox{max}}}_{{\hbox{EFL}}}\right)$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{\rm 2EFL}(\hbox{l}\,\hbox{min}^{-1})}$$\end{document} Dyspnea (Borg scale) 1 38 1.76 78 3.90 97 155 1.7 5 2 22 1.73 75 4.23 100 170 2.5 8 3 19 1.69 59 3.93 97 100 1.6 7 4 22 1.94 86 5.47 112 125 2.5 5 5 22 1.88 80 5.73 109 100 2.0 5 6 34 1.66 60 3.52 96 90 1.8 7 Mean 26 1.77 73 4.46 102 123 2.1 6 SD 8 0.11 11 0.91 7 33 0.4 1 FEV 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left({{W}_{\hbox{max}}}_{{\hbox{EFL}}}\right)$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm O}_{{\rm 2EFL}}},$$\end{document} Pulmonary function tests 1 V max 1 Exercise protocols \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left({{W}_{\hbox{max}}}_{{\hbox{EFL}}}\right)$$\end{document} −1 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left({{W}_{\hbox{max}}}_{{\hbox{EFL}}}\right)$$\end{document} 1 Fig. 1 QB W u \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left({{W}_{\hbox{max}}}_{{\hbox{EFL}}}\right)$$\end{document} Arrows  Gas exchange and flow measurements 2 2 2 2 P ET 2 P ET 2 V max \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$({\dot{V}}_{\rm E});$$\end{document} V T f b T i T e T tot T i f c 2 R R 1982 Operational chest-wall volume measurements 1997 1996 2005 1 Calculation of breath-by-breath oxygen consumption 2 2 2 2 2001 2002 2 2 2 2004a 2005a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${( {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2})}$$\end{document} 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${ {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} Curve fitting \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${ {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2 3 1974 2001 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ \hbox{For the on-transient:}\quad {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2} (t) = a \cdot(1-\hbox{exp}^{-b \cdot t}), $$\end{document} 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ \hbox{For the off-transient:}\quad {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2} (t) = a \cdot \hbox{exp}^{-b \cdot t} + c \cdot \hbox{exp}^{-d\cdot t}, $$\end{document} 2 1 b \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2 d \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} a c a c \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${ {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} R 2 Fig. 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} closed circles open circles  Fig. 3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} closed circles open circles  Measurement of oxygen debt 3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${ {\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2005a Estimation of cardiac output and arterio-venous oxygen difference 2 1997 3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ \hbox{Estimated CO} = V\hbox{O}_{2}/[5.72 + (0.105 \times \% {{{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}_ {\hbox{max}}})], $$\end{document} 4 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ \hbox{Estimated a-v\,O}_{2} = 5.72 + (0.105 \times \% {{{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}_ {\hbox{max}}}). $$\end{document} Statistical analysis Data are presented as mean ± SD. Significant differences in recorded variables over the last minute of the square-wave exercise protocols between control and EFL tests were assessed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as were recovery data from control and EFL exercise tests. Linear regression analysis was performed using the least-squares method. A statistical significance of 0.05 was used for all analyses. Results Square-wave protocols 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\left({{W}_{\hbox{max}}}_{{\hbox{EFL}}}\right)$$\end{document} 1 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{CO}_{2},{\dot{V}}_{\rm E}},$$\end{document} f b T i T e 2 f c P ET 2 4 P ET 2 4 P 2 4 4 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 3 Table 2 Exercise data at the end of the 6 min protocols with and without EFL   Control exercise EFL exercise W 111 ± 36 109 ± 30 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}\;(\hbox{l}\,\hbox{min}^{-1})}$$\end{document} 2.08 ± 0.31 1.93 ± 0.42 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{CO}_{2}\;(\hbox{l}\,\hbox{min}^{-1})}$$\end{document} 2.14 ± 0.38 1.88 ± 0.49* f c −1	 152 ± 19 163 ± 19* \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}_{E}\;(\hbox{l}\,\hbox{min}^{-1})}$$\end{document} 59.8 ± 10.2 38.8 ± 15.1* V T 2.08 ± 0.48 2.05 ± 0.45 f b −1 29 ± 5 19 ± 3* T i 1.00 ± 0.10 0.85 ± 0.15 T e 1.15 ± 0.23 2.02 ± 0.43* T i 46 ± 5 31 ± 4* Values are means ± SD \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm O}_{2},}$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm CO}_{2},}$$\end{document} f c \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}_{E},}$$\end{document} V T f b T i T e T i P Table 3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} Subject 1 1 2 Control EFL Control EFL Control EFL 1 75.8 66.2 34.7 29.2 1,429 1027.5 2 50.5 62.9 32.1 23.1 1,428 930.7 3 49.0 54.6 33.9 32.8 * 976.1 4 89.3 87.0 53.4 30.9 * 1605.8 5 32.5 41.2 36.1 6.9 909 855.0 6m 61.7 72.5 53.1 36.6 1,666 727.7 Mean 59.8 64.1 40.6 26.6 1358.0 1020.5 SD 20.4 15.6 9.9 10.6 319.5 305.2 P  0.276  0.028  0.068 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 1 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 6 Fig. 4 f c a 2 b P ET 2 c P ET 2 d e f  Recovery oxygen kinetics and oxygen debt 3 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} R 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2},}$$\end{document} 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 5 a c a c 2 a P c P a c P 5 2 P Fig. 5 1 a a c b a c c d  \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 3 P 3 P 3 4 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} Table 4 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} Subject On-transient Off-transient A Control −1 a EFL −1 a Control −1 a EFL −1 c Control −1 c EFL −1 1 1.944 1.472 1.91 2.42 0.67 0.78 2 1.751 2.059 2.33 4.93 0.72 0.91 3 0.993 1.040 1.85 2.09 0.49 0.60 4 1.806 1.742 1.87 2.62 0.41 0.65 5 0.981 1.743 1.40 3.84 0.68 0.94 6 1.571 1.454 1.29 1.89 0.50 0.67 Mean 1.507 1.585 1.78 2.97 0.57 0.76 SD 0.421 0.347 0.38 1.18 0.12 0.14 P  0.671  0.038  0.001 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} a 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2} (\hbox{t}) ={a}\cdot (1-\hbox{exp}^{-b\cdot t}).}$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm O}_{2}}$$\end{document} a c 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2} (t) = a \cdot \hbox{exp}^{-b \cdot t} + c \cdot \hbox{exp}^{-d \cdot t}.}$$\end{document} Estimation of cardiac output and arterio-venous oxygen difference 3 EFL −1 1 −1 4 2EFL 2 2control 2 2 2 C v 2 2 −1 C v 2 2 2 −1 1986 −1 C v 2 −1 2 2 C v 2 −1 2 2 C v 2 5 Table 5 Oxygen deficit and debt for control and EFL exercise   Control exercise EFL exercise 2 1,448 ±  739 1,692 ± 575 2 fast component 1,174 ± 274 1,232 ± 470 2 slow component 3,470 ± 551 4,201 ± 683* 2 total 4,645 ± 478 5,433 ± 763* \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}O_{{\rm 2rest}}}$$\end{document} 3,157 ± 443 3,238 ± 539 2 net 1,487 ± 384 2,195 ± 581* Values are means ± SD \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}{\rm O}_{2},}$$\end{document} P Discussion 2004b 2005b 1998 1971 1999 2004 2005a 2004 2002 2005a 2002 2 2 2 EFL as a model for COPD 2002 2002 2 1997 2005a 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2 2 2005a 2 2005a 1998 2 2 2 2002 2005a 2002 2004 2004b 2005a b 2 2 2 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2 2 2 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2005a 2 2 2 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2 5 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}} {O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 3 2 2 5 2000 2001 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2000 2001 a c 4 5 2001 2 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 1994 2 1991 1992 1998 1992 1994 2004b 2 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2000 2001 2000 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} −1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym} 
\usepackage{amsfonts} 
\usepackage{amssymb} 
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}\hbox{O}_{2}}$$\end{document} 2000 1996 2001 2 2