Introduction 2004 1998 1998 Enchytraeus japonensis 1999 E. japonensis 1999 E. japonensis 2006 1993 E. japonensis glutamine synthetase gs gs 2006 gs gs E. japonensis gs Materials and methods Animals E. japonensis 2004 2004 Molecular analysis 2006 1994 In situ hybridization 2006 2006 gs 1999 2003 Results and discussion E. japonensis gs E. japonensis 2006 gs gs E. japonensis 1 1993 2+ 1991 gs C. elegans 1 Fig. 1 E. japonensis Enchytraeus japonensis Aiptasia pallida Caenorhabditis elegans Crassostea gigas Drosophila melanogaster Paracentrotus lividus Danio rerio Xenopus laevis Gallus gallus Mus musculus blue underlined by broken single lines broken double lines thick single lines 2+ arrowheads boxed  gs E. japonensis gs E. japonensis 2 2 2 2 2 gs 2 2 Fig. 2 E japonensis a g k o h j gs a left down Arrowheads a b f b c d e f g h i h i j k m k l m n o n o ba br bc ch ea ep es gl gz m pc pp pr py st va vn Scale bars  E. japonensis gs 2 2 E. japonensis 2000 gs 2 2 gs 2006 gs gs 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1981 1996 gs 2 3 1998 2003 gs 3 Fig. 3 a c e d gs right-hand a left down a right-hand Arrowheads b c d gs e ch ep ge gl ne oo sc st sp Scale bars  General comparisons between the distribution of glutamine synthetase in different organisms 2006 2003 Xenopus gs 1995 gs 2001 1997 2006 2007 E. japonensis gs 1981 1981 1981 1996 E. japonensis Regeneration gs 1998 Xenopus gs 2005 E. japonensis 2006 gs E. japonensis. Xenopus 1995 gs E. japonensis Nerve function 1991 1993 E. japonensis 1981 1996 Cell proliferation 1980 1995 gs Detoxification 1980 2006 gs E. japonensis 1981 Macromolecule synthesis 1999 1981 1970 gs E. japonensis gs 1981 Gametogenesis Xenopus 1995 2001 1996 E. japonensis gs gs E. japonensis 2006 E. japonensis