Etiology of bullous pemphigoid 28 55 1 4 8 9 10 21 22 46 47 48 58 62 2 14 24 27 44 45 52 57 20 25 40 56 57 19 23 56 15 18 19 3 11 16 26 63 11 17 49 5 29 Development of murine IgG passive transfer model of BP 30 30 30 7 30 Immunopathogenesis of experimental BP in the murine model Development of an in vivo system to study an experimental BP model has allowed for great progress in defining the etiopathogenesis of disease. Specifically, the roles of pathogenic antibodies, the complement system, inflammatory cells, and proteolytic enzymes have all been elucidated in the context of the murine IgG passive transfer model. 30 34 31 7 32 2 32 41 41 6 6 59 6 33 61 35 36 36 52 37 Development of the humanized murine passive transfer model 59 38 1 Fig. 1 a b c d MC e  MC PMN f PMNs PMNs g h  39 42 43 Relevance of murine and humanized passive transfer models to human BP 1 51 50 57 Table 1 In vitro and in vivo evidence of pathogenicity of anti-BP180 antibodies System Antibodies used Reference In vitro  Human skin section BP sera 13  Anti-BP180NC16A autoantibodies 51  Rabbit anti-BP180NC16A IgG  In vivo  Wild-type mice Rabbit anti-murine BP180 IgG 30  Hamster Rabbit anti-hamster BP180 IgG 60  Humanized BP180 mice Anti-BP180NC16A autoantibodies 38 39  Humanized NC16A mice Anti-BP180NC16A autoantibodies 42 43 64 12 Conclusions 30