Introduction 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 2 2  2+ 6 7 4 6 8 9 10 2+ 11 2+ 6 12 13 11 2 2 6 14 bcl-2 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 Materials and methods Cell culture and treatments 15 l 2 2 2 2 16 17 N l S R Western blot analysis 6 Live cell imaging of cAMP and redox potential 18 19 20 2 2 2 4 3 19 2 2 c 18 Immunofluorescence in C10 cells 6 21 22 Transient transfections with small interfering RNA (siRNA) SMART Real time quantitative PCR (RT qPCR) 23 hprt Detection and quantification of apoptosis 24 2 Statistical analysis t P Results 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 1 2 2 1 25 Fig. 1 2 2 a 2 2 b A B  2 2 9 2 2 6 26 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Fig. 2 2 2 a 2 2 b A P c d C P  2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 c 18 19 2 2 c 3 3 2 2 c 2 2 3 Fig. 3 2 2 2 2 a b c A B C  20 2 2 4 2 2 4 Fig. 4 2 2 2 2 a 2 2 b A B  2 2 27 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 5 Fig. 5 2 2 2 2 a c b d A C P  2 2 2 2 2 2 6 Fig. 6 2 2 2 2 a b P # P  Direct activation of CREB by PKA is a minor pathway in EGF-induced CREB phosphorylation 7 Fig. 7 a b A A P # P  Knockdown of CREB using siRNA results in loss of oxidant-induced c-fos and bcl-2 transcription 8 2 2 8 2 2 Fig. 8 a b A # P P  Knockdown of CREB significantly increases the number of cells undergoing apoptosis following exposure to glucose oxidase 6 2 2 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 Fig. 9 a b P # P  Discussion 2 2 2 2 28 30 2 2 6 2 2 31 32 33 2 2 2 2 2 34 35 27 36 37 38 39 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2