Introduction Aspergillus Fumigati Neosartorya 2002 1981 1983 Fumigati Neosartorya 2000 2000 2003 2005 2006) Aspergillus Penicillium Fumigati 2004 Aspergillus Fumigati Materials and methods Morphological examinations 2004 DNA analyses 1 1990 1995 2005 Table 1 Aspergillus Fumigati Species Isolate number GenBank accession number Source β-tubulin Calmodulin Actin A. brevipes T AF057311   Soil, Australia A. duricaulis T AF057313   Soil, Buenos Aires, Argentina A. fumigatiaffinis T DQ094885   Soil, USA A. fumigatus CBS 133.61 AY685150   Chicken lung, USA A. fumisynnematus T AB248076   Soil, Venezuela A. lentulus CBS 117887 AY738513   Man, USA A. novofumigatus T DQ094886   Soil, Ecuador A. unilateralis T AF057316 AY689366 DQ094847 Rhizosphere, Australia A. viridinutans T AF134779   Rabbit dung, Australia A. turcosus KACC 42090 = IBT 27920 DQ534142 DQ534147 DQ534178 Air conditioner, Inchen, South Korea T DQ534143 DQ534148 DQ534179 Air conditioner, Seoul, South Korea KACC 41955 = CBS 117265 = IBT 3016 DQ534144 DQ534149 DQ534180 Car air conditioner, Seoul, South Korea N. assulata T DQ114123 DQ114131 DQ534189 Tomato soil, Buyeo, North Korea N. aurata T AF057318 AY870685 DQ534112 Jungle soil, Brunei N. aureola T AF057319   Soil, Tafo, Ghana N. coreana T AY870758   Tomato soil, Buyeo, North Korea N. denticulata T DQ114125 DQ114133 DQ534181 Elaeis guineensis CBS 290.74 = KACC 41175 DQ114126 DQ114134 DQ534182 Acer pseudoplatanus N. fennelliae T DQ114127 DQ114135 DQ534121 Oryctolagus cuniculus N. fischeri T AF057322   Canned apples N. galapagensis T DQ534145 DQ534151 DQ534190 Soil, Ecuador CBS 117521 = IBT 16763 = KACC 41936 DQ534146 DQ534152 DQ534191 Soil, Ecuador N. glabra T AY870734 AY870693 DQ534183 Rubber scrab from old tire, Iowa, USA N. hiratsukae T AF057324 AY870699 DQ534184 Aloe juice, Tokyo, Japan N. laciniosa T AY870756   Tomato soil, Buyeo, North Korea N. multiplicata T DQ114129 DQ114137 DQ534185 Soil, Mouli, Taiwan N. nishimurae IFM 54133 AB201360   Forest soil, Kenya N. nishimurae CBS 116047 DQ534075 DQ534150 DQ534186 Cardboard, Netherlands N. pseudofischeri T AY870742 AY870702 DQ534187 Human vertebrate, USA N. quadricincta T AF057326   Cardboard, York, UK N. spathulata T AF057320   Alocasia macrorrhiza N. spinosa T AF057329   Soil, Nicaragua N. stramenia T AY870766 AY870726 DQ534188 Soil from maple-ash-elm forest, Wisconsin, USA N. tatenoi T DQ114130 DQ114139  Soil of sugarcane, Timbauba, Brazil N. udagawae T AF132226   Soil, Brazil CBS IBT IFM KACC T 1994 1980 1995 1987 1995 1993 Aspergillus clavatus 1 Analysis for extrolites 1997 1987 1997 Results and discussion Molecular studies Fumigati Neosartorya indohii, N. sublevispora N. tsurutae 1 Fig. 1 Aspergillus Fumigati numbers  N. fennelliae 2 Neosartorya 1990 2003 A. fumigatus N. pseudofischeri N. pseudofischeri A. fumigatus N. pseudofischeri 1998 2003 2005 2006 2000 N. denticulata Fig. 2 Neosartorya denticulata A B C D E F  N. nishimurae. N. nishimurae N. pseudofischeri 3 N. pseudofischeri 1992 N. pseudofischeri N. pseudofischeri N. pseudofischeri N. pseudofischeri Neosartorya N. assulata Fig. 3 Neosartorya assulata A B C D E F  Fumigati 1 1993 A. fumisynnematus N. glabra N. laciniosa 4 Neosartorya Aspergillus A. panamensis Sparsi 1980 1988 2000 Fig. 4 Neosartorya galapagensis A B C E D F G  N. galapagensis Fumigati N. nishimurae 1 1 N. fischeri N. spinosa A. fumigatus A. lentulus A. viridinutans, A. fumigatiaffinis A. novofumigatus N. fennelliae N. nishimurae N. spathulata N. udagawae A. fumigatus A. lentulus A. fumigatus A. lentulus A. fumigatus A. lentulus A. fumigatiaffinis A. novofumigatus 2005 Aspergillus Fumigati Aspergillus A. niger Nigri A. clavatus Clavati 1983 A. turcosus Neosartorya Fumigati 2003 2005 2006) Neosartorya Aspergillus N. indohii N. nishimurae N. otanii N. sublevispora N. takakii N. tsurutae Taxonomy Neosartorya denticulata 2 Species homothallica; ascomata superficialia, luteo-alba vel dilute lutea, globosa vel subglobosa, 140–230 μm in diam., hyphis hyalinis vel luteolis laxe textis circumdata. Asci 8-spori, globosi vel subglobosi, 12–14 μm diam. Ascosporae lenticulares, 4–5 μm diam, denticulatae. Conidiophora ex hyphis aeriis oriunda, 3–4.5 μm lata; conidiorum capitula columnaria sed brevia, uniseriata, vesiculae spathulatae vel subclavatae, 7–12 μm diam; phialides 7.5–9 × 2–3 μm, didimidium superius vesiculae occupantes. Conidia subglobosa vel late ellipsoidea, levia, 2–3 μm diam. N. denticulata T 1978 Extrolites: The two isolates produced the mycotoxin gliotoxin. CBS 652.73 was a particularly strong producer, and also produced the mycotoxin viriditoxin. Furthermore, the two isolates produced some unique, yet unelucidated secondary metabolites. Acer pseudoplatanus Distinguishing features: Denticulate ascospores with a prominent equatorial furrow and the production of gliotoxin. Neosartorya assulata 3 Species homothallica; ascomata superficialia, alba vel luteo-alba, globosa vel subglobosa, 150–250 μm diam, hyphis hyalinis vel luteolis laxe textis circumdata. Asci 8-spori, globosi vel subglobosi, 14–16 μm diam. Ascosporae lenticulares, 5–6 μm diam, duabus cristis distantibus praeditae, valvis nonnullis distinctis longis intumescentii ornamentatae. Conidiophora hyalina, 3–7.5 μm lata; conidiorum capitula columnaira, brevia, uniseriata; vesicula subclavata, 10–18 μm diam. Phialides 7–9 × 2–3 μm, didimidium superius vesiculae occupantes. Conidia subglobosa vel late ellipsoidea, levia, 2–3 μm diam. N. assulata T 1978 Extrolite profile: This species is characterized by relatively weak production of secondary metabolites. It does produce some indole alkaloids and some apolar metabolites. Distinguishing features: Large, round flaps on convex surface of ascospores with two distinct equatorial crests. Neosartorya galapagensis 4 ca N. galapagensis T ca ca Fumigati Neosartorya A. panamensis 1980 1988 Aspergillus Usti 1965 Additional isolates: CBS 117521 = IBT 16763 = KACC 41936, ex soil, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aspergillus Aspergillus turcosus 5 Fig. 5 Aspergillus turcosus A B A B C D  Coloniae in agaro maltoso ad 42–51 mm diam post-seven dies 25°C, 70 mm diam 37°C. Coloniae velutinae, griseo-glaucae vel griseo-virides, plerumque planae; reversum luteo-aurantium vel griseo-aurantium. Conidiophora levia, 4–7 μm lata. Conidiorum capitula columnaria, brevia, uniseriata; vesiculae globosae vel subclavatae, 15–25 μm diam. Phialides lageniformes, 6–8 × 2–3 μm, duo tertia superiora vesiculae occupantes. Conidia subglobosa vel ovoidea, levia, 2.5–3.5 μm diam. A. turcosus T Colonies on MEA 42–51 mm in diam. after 7 days at 25°C and more than 70 mm after 7 days at 37°C. Colony texture velvety, gray-turquoise to gray-green (24-25B3-5) and usually plane. In reverse, colonies are yellowish orange (4B6) to grayish orange (5B6). Colonies on CYA attain a diam. of 38–41 mm after 7 days at 25°C and more than 70 mm after 7 days at 37°C. Colony texture is velvety. Colony texture and color similar to that on MEA. In reverse, colonies are deep yellow (4A78). Conidial heads loose and short columnar. Conidiophores smooth-walled, up to 80 μm long and 4–7 μm wide. Vesicles are 15–25 μm in diam., flask-shaped to globose, bearing 6–8 μm flask-shaped phialides over two-thirds of the surface. Conidia are subglobose, ovoid and smooth, 2.5–3.5 μm in diam. Extrolite profile: Kotanins and several unique compounds but not yet elucidated secondary metabolites. Additional isolates: KACC 42090 = IBT 27920, KACC 41955 = IBT 3016. Distinguishing features: Velvety colony, gray-turquoise (green) color on CYA, phialides over two-third of the vesicle and growth at 10 and 50°C are distinctive characteristics of the species. Electronic supplementary material Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
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