Presents a comparative medico-demographic analysis of the population number and structure, reproduction, mortality, and mean life span at some territories of West and East Siberia in 1990-1995 and predicts these values for up to the year 2005. Main problems of demographic development of Siberian territories are outlined; these processes are to be balanced with the socioeconomic and ecological status of regions. Priority measures are proposed, including development of special programs on reproduction, health promotion, organization of medico-demographic monitoring, etc.