Japan is the nation of the highest longevity in the world, average length of life being 76.57 years old for man and 82.98 for woman in 1994, according to the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. How to cope with normal or abnormal senility is the matter of utmost interest at present time. Therefore, this symposium was very important, and was open not only for physicians, but for citizens. The five expert lecturers made the excellent presentations on these difficult topics from basic to clinical standpoints. The participants were all impressed by these up-to-date talks and discussions throughout the sessions.