The life-span of Drosophila melanogaster males kept for their entire life in atmospheres of differing O2 concentration (21%, 30%, 40%) was measured. The life-span decreased linearly with the increase in O2 proportion. In order to test the rate of living and the threshold theories of ageing, Drosophila melanogaster males were kept for 15 days in a given atmosphere and from day 16 on in another one. The life-spans observed in these alternate conditions were very close to the values predicted by the rate of living theory and are thus not compatible with the threshold theory.