The self-preserving behavior, as well as matrimonial, reproductive and migratory behavior, is component of demographic behavior and is characterized by complexity of evaluating and interpretating data obtained. The statistics provide no information about effectiveness of disease-oriented measures that affect longer healthy life expectancy and measures improving accessibility and quality of care that affect life expectancy and quality of patients with chronic diseases and the disabled. This information was derived from the results of sociological survey «The Demographic Well-being of Russia» implemented by the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020-2021. This article is devoted to the results of this study in terms of assessment by Russians their own health status and possibility of longevity.