Human lifespan has seen a rise globally. Extended lifespan is a trend projected to persist and continue. The gap is wide: from 52.67 years in the Central African Republic to 80.3 years in the OECD (Canada, Germany, Mexico, France, Japan, UK). In India the expectancy was 68.8 years in 2018. Concordant with the enhanced life span have been studies that explain determinants and mechanisms of human longevity, much of which has been attributed to better public health measures and improved care. The natural twin consequences of longevity: a) Frailty its characteristics and management and b) the behavioural cum attitudinal phenomenon of Ageism have come to the fore and require appropriate corrections. Physicians need to be aware of the demographic changes and implications thereof in management and healthcare. The medical aspects of either are elaborated.