This paper presents findings of the comparative computer analysis of brain bioelectrical activity (EEG) in three groups of rural population, which include: long-livers, their close relatives, and representatives of families without records of longevity (the latter was conventionally accepted as the «control group»). Registration of EEG was carried out in conditions of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed. For each group, the average spectral power, frequency characteristics, EEG indices in the ranges of δ-, θ-, α- and β-rhythms were estimated. The results have revealed the increased ascending effects of the synchronizing link and the weakening of the activating assumptions of non-specific brain systems in long-livers, which we consider as reflection of inhibitory mechanisms which are required to replenish the mobilization resources. With regard to the group of relatives, there were revealed a smaller percentage of δ-rhythm and a greater severity of the α-rhythm index in the temporal areas, as compared to the control group, which is indicative of a more optimal level of processes responsible for memory, integration of afferent (auditory and visual) information and harmonization of the emotional background.