Drosophila is used as a model organism to review the mechanisms of neuroendocrine system involvement in lifespan control. The role of neuron specific expression of genes participating in antioxidative system in lifespan control is described. Data on endocrine function of the nervous system in lifespan control are discussed. The participation of genes involved in the regulation of nervous system development and function in lifespan control is contemplated. Based on the data available, hypotheses considering assembly of neurons as the lifespan limiting tissue and (or) the tissue providing regulation of lifespan via systemic effects on other cell types are evaluated.