The current state in genetics of aging and longevity in Russia and abroad has been considered in the analytical review. The key parts of genome regulation of aging have been revealed. The major gene groups, which determine longevity, cell senescence and premature senescence syndromes, have been marked out. The genes, which may serve as aging biomarkers have been noted. Basing on literature data analyses the author has suggested the plan of future investigations in the field of genetics of human longevity, which realization will enable to extend the life span and to improve the quality of life.