The author compares mortality in China and Japan from 1950 to 1985 and analyzes the differences between the two countries.  Consideration is given to sex differences, regional differences, and trends in the major causes of death.  The analysis shows "the gap between China and Japan in the health standards of the population [and also suggests] a course for [reducing] mortality of the Chinese population.... There is great potential...of reducing infant mortality, especially for female infants....Moreover, the further control of infectious diseases can still play a major role in raising the average life expectancy of the Chinese population in the years ahead."