Results of comprehensive studies of medico-social problems of long-living subjects in the Bashkortostan Republic are presented. The number of subjects aged over 90 years, particularly male, notably increased during the recent decade. The family and marital status of long-livers is characterized. Virtually all of them had families and children, often more than 3; by the moment of the study they lived with children or grandchildren and were active, their life style corresponding to their age and physical status.