The existence of a positive relationship between stress resistance and longevity is often accepted, but this conclusion mainly stems from studies putting animals in adverse conditions such as food restriction. It is argued that a positive correlation between stress resistance and longevity has not been clearly observed at the individual level in animals or humans living in nonstressful conditions. Experiments should verify this point. If experiments would fail to show this correlation, there would be no ground for the proposal that treatments stimulating stress resistance could increase longevity and health.