The government of Providence builds the order which pastor Süssmilch sees in the demographic events and especially the order of mortality. God governs the length of human life and assigns to each person a just balance between fear of death and expectation of life.  This authorizes Süssmilch to clarify the notions of probable life and life expectancy with the design to treat of their main application in the field of political arithmetic, that is the computations of Government loans under the form of annuities on lives.  So he treats of an important question which concerns the history of actuarial calculation as well as the history of probability, of statistics and demography.  We cannot forget also the political and philosophical points of view which the pastor underlines vividly:  what sort of contract joins the creature and his God?  This study of the contingent but optimal regularities which Providence makes in the world builds an important contribution to the physico-theological current.